Model-based predicted probabilities of adult (≥1.5 years old), female white-tailed deer using dense (≥70% canopy closure, yellow) and moderately dense (40% ≤×<70% canopy closure, red) conifer cover, and “other” (here includes conifer with <40% canopy closure, openings, and hardwoods; blue) during daytime hours (i.e., 0730–1700 hr) as a function of snow depth (panels A-D) and minimum daily temperature (panels E-H), for each of four study sites, north-central Minnesota, 1 November–14 May 1993–1994 to 2004–2005.

<p>Colored bands depict point-wise 95% bootstrap confidence intervals. To generate model-based response curves, we set availabilities of each habitat type to site-specific mean values. Similarly, we set daily snow depths (for bottom panels) and minimum temperatures (for top panels) to site-specific means.